Parna apicalis (Brischke, 1888)
on Tilia
Tilia platyphyllos, Hungary, Mosonmagyaróvár, 22.iv.2019 © László Érsek
detail
larva in the mine
frass
larva, dorsal and ventral
tergites
head, dorsal
sternites
abdomen end, ventral
Tilia, Belgium, prov. East Flanders, Harelbeke-De Gavers, 25.iv.2014 © Zoë Vanstraelen
larva
Tilia x vulgaris, Nieuwendam, 25.v.2005
detail
Tilia sp., France, Pyrénées Central, St. Savin: comparison of the mines of P. apicalis, right, and P. tenella, left © Tineke Cramer
mine
A flat blotch at the leaf margin. The leaf is not rolled inwards over the mine. Rarely more than one mine per leaf. Mines mainly in the canopy. Frass grains elliptic, c. 0.5 mm long.
host plants
Malvaceae, monophagous
Tilia americana, cordata, x euchlora, x europaea, x moltkei, mongolica, platyphyllos, tomentosa.
phenology
Mines in May (Altenhofer, 1980a; Halstead, 2009a); on the base of the picture above, also in April already.
BENELUX
No adults of this species are known from the Netherlands (Ad Mol in litt, 2008). As far as known, the picture above documents the first observation in Belgium. Not known from Luxemburg (Fauna Europaea, 2014).
distribution within Europe
From Finland and Poland to Britain, the Pyrenees and Alps (Edmunds ao, 2007a; Fauna Europaea, 2008); Hungary (Edmunds).
larva
Larvae of the genus Parna are discussed by Lorenz & Kraus (1957a), Altenhofer (1980a), and Altenhofer & Pschorn-Walcher (1998a), but no characters differentiating between apicalis and P. tenella are known so far.
synonyms
Parna reseri Liston 1993; P. kamijoi: Chevin, 1983 nec Togashi, 1980.
Altenhofer (1980a,b,c) extensively dealt with the European sawflies mining on trees. This induced Liston (1993c) to study Altenhofer’s Parna material. He discovered that part of it belonged to an undescribed species, which was described was P. reseri. Later reseri turned out to be a synonym of P. apicalis (Brischke) (Liston, Taeger & Blank, 2006a). The implication is that all material identified as tenella before 1993 is in need of revision.
notes
As far as known the species is entirely parthenogenetic.
references
Altenhofer (1980a,b,c), Altenhofer & Pschorn-Walcher (1998a), Blank ao (1998a), Chevin (1983a), Edmunds (2016a), Edmunds, Hind, Liston & Palmer (2003a, 2007a), Haarder & Liston (2018a), Halstead (2009a), Liston (1993c, 1995b, 2006a), Liston, Knight, Heibo, ao (2012a), Liston, Taeger & Blank (2006a), Matošević, Pernek, Dubravac & Barić (2009a), Pschorn-Walcher & Altenhofer (2000a), Roller & Macek (2017a), Savina, Chevin & Liston (2014a), Taeger, Altenhofer, Blank, ao (1998a), Taeger, Blank & Liston (2006a), Tomov & Krusteva (2007a).