Phytomyza calthivora Hendel, 1934

mine

After a short lower-surface beginning follows a quickly widening, upper-surface corridor that is strongly contorted, and runs from the leaf base towards the margin to widen there into a blotch. Corridor sides very irregular. Primary feeding lines well visible. Frass in pearl chains. Before pupation the larva leaves the mine through a large semicircular exit slit; however, the black puparium mostly remains stuck under the exit flap. Exit slit in lower epidermis (Pakalniškis, 2004a).

host plants

Ranunculaceae, monophagous

Caltha palustris.

phenology

Larvae in May and June-July (Hering, 1957a).

BENELUX

Not known from the Benelux countries (Fauna Europaea, 2008).

distribution within Europe

From Norway to the Pyrenees and Czechia, and from the UK to Poland (Fauna Europaea, 2008).

larva

puparium

de Meijere (1934a, as nigritella).

synonyms

Phytomyza nigritella: auct.

notes

Mines essentially in the lowest leaves that often are mud-covered and even may be submerged (Spencer, 1954a).

references

Andersen & Jonassen (1994a), Beiger (1965a, 1970a), Bland (1992b), Černý & Merz (2007a), Dreger & Myssura (2005a), Hering (1957a,b), Huber (1969a), de Meijere (1934a: 286), Michalska (1970a, 1976a), Nowakowski (1962b), Pakalniškis (2004a), Robbins (1991a), Sønderup (1949a), Spencer (1954a, 11972a, 1976a), Surányi (1942a), von Tschirnhaus (1999a).